Information Report Example

Information report example provides the general form of information report and explores its basic structure. This type of work serves to reveal the facts about any conception or phenomenon to make a reader familiar with it and help him or her to take the right decision if the need arises. Information report example does not contain an argument, thus, it provides a reader with a neutral position concerning the subject of investigation. The Storm Basic Information The storm is defined as a disturbed state of an environment within an atmosphere that significantly affects the nature of its surface and implies severe weather conditions. Usually, these abnormal conditions are associated with strong winds, hails, thunders, and heavy precipitations that create a crucial impact on people and their living facilities. Forming Generally, the storms appear when a system of high pressure surrounds that of low pressure in a center. Therefore, both opposing forces generate winds that may be transformed into a storm and subsequently create a crucially dangerous physical energy of an immense strength. General Types of Storms There are various types of storms that are distinguished by their strength and atmospheric disturbances they bring. The main types of storms include: Windstorms; Thunderstorms; Ice storms; Hurricanes; Blizzards; Tornadoes; Monsoon type storms. Impact on Society The weather circumstances created by the storms affect human society through the number of ways that impacts on a large variety of social, cultural, and natural resources. This relates not only to different economic aspects, such as infrastructure and transportation but human health as well. For instance, the storms may harm water and food supplies that mainly impacts those living in specific areas vulnerable to natural disasters. As the strong winds are common for all the types of storms, they may destroy vehicles, buildings, bridges, and various outside buildings. Tropical cyclones, which form a considerable part of the storms occurring worldwide, may knock out electricity to hundreds of thousands of citizens. They may also generate the storm surges, or an increase in sea level, that is the destructive force to the human-made structures. In addition to the effect the storms have on a daily life of citizens and an economy of the state, it also affects agriculture and aviation. Preventive and Protective Actions Performed by State As the different types of storm occur during particular periods of the year, the states with vulnerable territories provide specific actions to protect its citizens and their property from sudden weather circumstances. They perform this activity through permanently monitoring weather conditions, cooperating with the international meteorological organizations, establishing construction regulations, defining the probable outcomes of each specific event, establishing well-equipped rescue teams, and training the population to make them ready to face any weather challenges. Basic Instructions for the Population In order to protect its citizens from any kinds of storms, the governments provide them with basic instructions on how to protect themselves. This includes a number of specific actions, where the most important are: Preparing and keeping at hand a survival kit for all the family members; Designating the meeting point for all the family in case the storm occurs; Closing all doors and windows and avoid leaving the house; Keeping calm and avoiding panic; Assisting neighbors and persons in difficulty; Listening to the radio but avoid using the telephone; Following the instructions provided by the authorities. References Boulter, S., Palutikof, J., Karoly, D., Guitart, D. (2013). Natural disasters and adaptation to climate change. Cambridge University Press. Favor, L. (2011). Natural disasters. New York: Facts On File. Shi, P. (2016). Natural disasters in China. Springer. Storms | Natural Disasters | ICDO. (2016). Icdo.org. Retrieved 11 July 2016, from http://www.icdo.org/en/disasters/natural-disasters/storms/ Zschau, J. Küppers, A. (2013). Early warning systems for natural disaster reduction. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media.

Centre For American Education Assignment Cover Sheet

CENTRE FOR AMERICAN EDUCATION ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student Details: Name: Student Number: Subject Details: Subject Name: Subject Code: Lecturer s Name: Assignment Details: Due Date: Date Submitted: PLEASE NOTE All assignments are the responsibility of the student. Ensure you keep a copy of your assignment before submitting. DECLARATION: I declare that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this assignment is my own work, all sources have been properly acknowledged, and the assignment contains no plagiarism. This assignment or any part thereof has not previously been submitted for assessment at this or any other University. Student Signature: Date: STUDENT†¦show more content†¦Ã¯Æ'Ëœ Non-eating duration: The duration needed for individuals to conduct behaviours outside from eating, such as: organizing the eating area and socializing with friends. II. Hypotheses ïÆ'Ëœ Men need a shorter eating duration at table than women. ïÆ'Ëœ Individuals eating alone need a shorter eating duration at table than individual eating in a group. III. Methods I. Participants The scope of participants used in observation was limited to only students of Sunway University College inside the cafeteria in Sunway University College. Under normal circumstances, the customers in cafeteria are either students or staffs of Sunway University College. Therefore, to ensure the participants are students without asking them, the author deducted the possibility of error in choosing the desired participants by ignoring every individuals in cafeteria who wore institutional identity (See Figure 3 in Appendix section). Since all participants are university students, their age can be assumed as ranging from eighteen to twenty-four with average as twenty-one (University of California Berkeley, 2012). The reasons author decides to observe students, not staffs or both staffs and students (random) are: a. The number of students is by far larger than that of

To Kill a Mockingbird Quote Analysis Free Essays

Reading Log: To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapters 5-7 â€Å"Then I saw the shadow†¦the shadow of a man with a hat on†¦the shadow, crisp and toast moved across the porch towards Jem.. When it crossed Jem†¦ he went rigid. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Quote Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (53) The context of this quote is during their sneaky trip to Boo Radley’s house. This was the last day Dill was going to stay in Maycomb for this year, so they decided to take a quick peek at Radley Place by creeping around the house and looking through the side windows. As they are take a quick peek, the see the shadow of what they think is Boo with a hat on. They go numb with fear, and run for it. As they are leaving the area from under a fence, they hear a shotgun go off from Radley Place. The quote of narration from Scout accurately describes the kind of fear that the neighborhood legends give to the kids. The description, â€Å" He (Jem) put his arms over his head and went rigid† (53), shows how bloated up of a character Boo Radley is. They do not even know if this shadow is Boo, however they are frozen with fear. However, after this event occurs, the little gifts that begin to appear in the tree leads the reader to make an educated guess that it is Boo Radley who is constantly giving these gifts. Since they used deductive reasoning to believe that it couldn’t have been Miss Maudie or any other person in Maycomb, they only other person in their neighborhood that came to mind was Boo Radley. Also, to enforce their conclusion that it was Boo Radley who was giving the gifts was when Nathan Radley cemented the hole in the tree. The series of gifts ending up in the tree molded Boo’s character into a more human-like personality. Miss. Maudie also told Scout that Boo used to be a nice boy who only became supposedly â€Å"insane† because of his family. She stated that Boo’s family was extremely religious and drove Boo insane when his father was constantly obsessed with â€Å"sin†. Scout now has more sympathy for Boo, who is now a poor man who was abused as child, rather than a freak of nature who eats squirrels. Boo symbolizes the growth of Scout more mature perspective of the world. The quote represents Scouts (as well as Jem’s and Dill’s) childish mentality, and sets the framework for Scouts growth of maturity. I have a story that is eerily similar to this one. Several blocks down, we had a lady who never came out of the house. The legend in our townhome complex was that two of the kids only saw her face once, and she yelled at them the moment she saw them. She also supposedly looked like a witch, which was definitely a credible description for us 8 year-olds. Soon enough, we set out to see her face once more. The whole pack of us, about 6 people, stood in front of her house while one of us rang the doorbell several times consecutively to bait her out of her house. As we starting sprinting for our lives, we heard the loudest yelling we had ever heard. Our fear of her had spiked up exponentially. But obviously, we needed to this again tomorrow. Same plan, same time, and we went underway. However, this time, we decided to hide behind some bushes adjacent to her house. Fifteen seconds later, she came out in a wheelchair with an oxygen tank beneath her. Our fear had turned to shame and sympathy immediately. The lie of her looking like a witch represents the legends of Boo having fangs and eating cats, and the sympathy we had for this lady in her wheelchair represents Boo having an abusive family as a child. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Quote Analysis, Essay examples

Sex And Church Essay Example For Students

Sex And Church Essay A major misconception that many people have is what they think the churchsopinion is on sexual intercourse. Most people believe that the church thinks sexis a sinful act that should only be done in privacy for procreation reason andshould never be discussed about in public. This belief though is incorrectbecause the church since the beginning of time has believed that sex is a Godgiven gift. Recently a problem though has occurred in which people have beenarrested for either promoting sexual intercourse or participating in the act. Two recent court cases that have dealt with the concept of sex being unmoral isGriswold versus Connecticut and Bowers versus Hardwick. Both of these casesbrought up new questions about whether different kinds of sex are moral or not. The first case was Griswold versus Connecticut. This case was about EstelleGriswold who opened a birth control clinic in 1961 in Connecticut. This clinicwas made with the belief that they would soon be caught breaking one of the manyConnecticut sex laws. Three days after it opened Griswold was arrested aftergiving birth control to a married couple. The other case was Bowers versusHardwick. This case involved a man named Michael Hardwick who was caught by apolice officer having anal sex with another man in his own home. There is law inGeorgia that states that anal sex is illegal so Hardwick was immediatelyarrested. Whether or not the Church would agree with these court cases is adifficult question to answer. The churches opinion on sex has changed throughouthistory. In the begin the Church believed that sex should only occur if amarried couple wishes to have a child but the modern church has a new opinion. The modern church believes sex should be for pleasure not just procreation aslong though as the couple having sex is loyal to each other. The modern churchagrees with people having sex as long as the two people are in love with eachother. This means that the church would agree with Griswold versus Connecticutbecause the birth control was given to a married couple. If two people aremarried that means they care for each other and it is not just meaningless sex. If the birth control was given to people who did not care about each other thenthe Church would disagree. In the Bowers versus Hardwick case one questionwould have to be asked before the church could makes its discussion. Thequestion would be whether or not Hardwick and the man he was having sex withwere in love. If the men did care about each other then by the teachings of themodern church the sex would be allowed. Even though the Church does not agreewith homosexuality it would have to disagree with arresting of this young man.

The Mormons Essay Example For Students

The Mormons Essay The MormonsMormonism is a way of life that is practiced by members of the Church of JesusChrist of Latter-day Saints. Over two-thirds of the churchs membership is inthe United States. However, members are also located in many other countriesaround the world. Mormons use the Bible, the Book of Mormon, and two otherbooks or revelations to Joseph Smith, founder of the church. These other tworevelations are the Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price. TheMormon organization consists of a three member First Presidency and a twelve manCouncil of Apostles who make up the major policy-making body of the church. We will write a custom essay on The Mormons specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Mormonisms founding doctrine was based on the assumption that Christianity wascorrupt and that it was necessary to restore the true Christian gospel. TheMormon church sees only itself as recognized by God. Joseph Smith founded thechurch in New York in 1830. He said that he had visions of God and otherheavenly beings that told him to establish the restored Christian Church. Hewas directed to some thin metal plates that he translated into what is nowcalled the book of Mormons. This book describes the history, wars, andreligious beliefs of a group of people who migrated from Jerusalem to America. Smith attracted a small group of followers who settled in Kirtland, Ohio, andJackson County, Missouri. Because of persecution, the church moved to northernMissouri, then to Nauvoo, Illinois. The people of Illinois welcomed thepersecuted Mormons, and Smith began to construct a temple and a hotel there. In1843, Smith secretly instituted the practice of plural marriage among a group ofhis followers. This could be because he himself had 50 wives. The Mormonslived in relative peace until 1844 when a group became mad about Smithspractices. They started a newspaper called the Nauvoo Expositor and attackedhim, accusing him of practicing polygamy.Smith denied this charge but waskilled anyway. Brigham Young took over as their new leader. In 1852 , polygamywas officially announced at the Mormon conference. Points of DebateWhat was so wrong with their views?* Belief in the Bible and Book of Mormon==; How? The Mormons believe the Bible and The Book of Mormon to be the Word ofGod. However, the Bible states that it is the only Word of God. ==; Mormonismbelieves that God has a physical body. The Bible contradicts this belief* Belief in Polygamy==; Teach that Jesus Christ himself is a polygamist. * Mormonism and Blacks==; Mormonism teaches that African Americans have dark skin because they arecursed by God, and are an inferior race. * King James Bible is Plagiarized==; An analysis by Michael Marquard, shows that the portion of the Book ofMormon that was supposed to have been written during the Old Testament period isliterally peppered with phrases and quotations from the King James New Testament. ==; The book of Mormon virtually copies the life of the Apostle Paul with itsown teacher, named Alma. * Blunders in Biblical Material==; Peters paraphrase of Moses words in the Bible is referred to as Moses ownwords in the Book of Mormon. Thus Peter is accidentally quoted hundreds ofyears before the book of Acts was written or Peter had ever uttered his words. Are their limits on acceptable beliefs in our democracy?* Yes, but not enough== There are limits to keep religious beliefs from physically harming us, suchas the Branch Dividians, but there are no limits on beliefs that can spirituallyharm us, such as the Mormon religion. .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb , .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .postImageUrl , .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb , .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb:hover , .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb:visited , .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb:active { border:0!important; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb:active , .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47f64c4a3c28b021cd42c84812bbbacb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paulo Freire's "The Banking Concept of Education" EssayShould we welcome and tolerate all views?* We should listen, then judge== We should allow these religions to state their purpose and determine howtheir teachings will affect us. == We should not tolerate any view which isdetrimental to our society or to our country. Mormonism goes against all beliefs of the early Christian church. The MormonChurch was too radical for the people and that is why they were persecuted. BibliographyAllen, James B., and Leonard, Glen M., The Story of the Latter-day Saints (1976). . Arrington, Leonard J., and Bitton, Davis, The Mormon Experience (1979). Bitton, Davis, and Beecher, Maureen, eds., New Views of Mormon History (1987). Hansen, Klaus J., Mormonism and the American Experience (1981). Shipps, Jan, Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition (1984). Walters, Wesley P. Mormonism (1996). Religion

British - American Relations in the 1840s essays

British - American Relations in the 1840's essays Assess British-American relations during the 1840s The 1840s were a period of American expansion and diplomacy. Throughout these years, tensions grew in Anglo-American relations. By this time, The United States had extended its power and territories in the world, and the British Empire had problems in government. Throughout the 1840s, the two countries disputed over many things, new problems as well as old disagreements. However, the resolution of these disagreements is the great achievement of this period. The issues included the resolution of commercial relations between the United States and Britain, the settlement of the Maine boundary dispute, the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842, and the agreement concerning the Oregon territory. By the 1840s, commerce between America and Great Britain had improved from prior decades. But, some disputes still ensued between merchants of the two nations. One major argument was that of the Creole Affair. In the early 1840s, the British were interested in fighting the slave trade. They were against the importation of African slaves into the Americas. In 1841, on the American ship Creole, 135 enslaved Africans overpowered the crew, murdering one man, while sailing from Virginia to New Orleans. Led by Madison Washington, the slaves sailed the vessel to Nassau, Bahamas, where the British declared most of them free. Americans argued that the property of U.S. slave owners should be protected in foreign ports. Slave owners were outraged at the British who responded by arguing that once the ship was outside of U.S. territorial waters; the African Americans were entitled to their liberty. The House of Representatives then also stated that any attempt to re-enslave them would be unconstitutional. Another turning point in U.S. relations with Great Britain came with the signing on August 9, 1842, of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, which settled several matter...

How Can Kelloggs Make Improvement both for its Business and Case Study

How Can Kelloggs Make Improvement both for its Business and Environment - Case Study Example This system prevents the company from the needless expenses and this system helps a lot to Kellogg’s business because by using that system they contain less amount of stock and help in minimizing expenses. Because of using stockholding system, they do not have a need for stock products. Stocking products are the extra work for any company so the company only has to focus its main work that is to make products reliable and efficient. TDG uses specialist transportation system because of the system, warehouse expenses remain low. The system is so efficient that minimizes the transport expenditures and carbon footprints. Because of the system, Kellogg’s do not have to give needless expenses and this is one of biggest benefit for Kellogg’s. After the partnership with TDG, big retailers such as ASDA and Tesco keep the products without taking storage expenses. Another benefit is that TDG has a waste identifying system through which during completing the task, the system recognized the waste as the lean production and remove the waste immediately. The system enhanced the efficiency in manufacturing of products. After the production of products, company checks the product’s reliability twice and then supplies them. Company’s motive is that to attain the maximum profit in a minimum expenditure. Kellogg’s get many advantages with the partnership with the TDG for its business and environment. Now Kellogg’s utilizes the TDG’s efficient system that has made the company reach the highest position. Now Kellogg’s have all efficient systems that any prosperous company has such as they have their own transportation system, they have control over their retailers. The company has stockholding system that informs when the bare house is emptied.  

Civil War Amendments to the Constitution Research Proposal

Civil War Amendments to the Constitution - Research Proposal Example This feat is hardly attained by many constitutions across the globe. This paper expounds on the Civil War Amendments to the constitution. According to Bond (1997: 14), Civil War Amendments were made to address the welfare of African Americans in the United States. In particular, the amendments addressed the civil rights of African Americans and they marked the first attempts to accord equal rights to all American citizens, irrespective of their color, race and political affiliations. The Civil War Amendments to the constitutions are contained in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments (Bond, 1997:35). The Thirteenth amendment that was ratified shortly after the Confederates surrendered in Virginia legally abolished slavery, which had been practiced in the country for long periods, and it was one of the major points of contention in the civil war. According to, Hoemann (1987: 37) the Thirteenth Amendment was the culmination of the Emancipation Proclamation that had earlier been drafted to bequeath African Americans the freedom from enslavement. It was approved in the Congress on January 31 in 1865 and it was ratified eight months later in December 6 of the same year. This amendment consists of two sections (Maltz, 1990,:45).

MHE 511 MODULE 1 DISCUSSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MHE 511 MODULE 1 DISCUSSION - Essay Example It is important for local, state, and federal stakeholders to formulate and implement functional plans that address different types of emergencies and disasters (Haddow, Bullock, & Coppola, 2010). Response plans ought to be different depending on the type of emergency or disaster in question. For example, approaches to natural and manmade disasters differ in regards to the causes, subsequent effects, and the actions taken by relevant agencies in that regard. In this respect, response plans should be tailored towards specific emergencies and/or disasters. From a personal point of view, there exist critical differences between bio-terrorism, natural, and other types of emergencies. It follows, therefore, that response plans targeting each of the aforementioned emergencies should differ from one type of emergency to the next. Doing so would ensure that local, state, and federal disaster management agencies are in a position to concentrate, focus, and identify key points of concern or interest across varying emergencies. For instance, response plans for bio-terrorist emergencies would hardly work in weather-related natural disasters, thus the need for different response plans in such

Food Safety Issues Related to Street Vendors

Food Safety Issues Related to Street Vendors Introduction Street food vending forms a very important segment of the unauthorized sector of food industry. As a result of rapidly growing economy and better employment opportunities in urban areas, urban sector attracts a large proportion of population for employment and results in settlement of this section in other areas of big cities and development of suburbs. This growth is expected to increase significantly with the increasing urbanization population growth, especially in developing countries. Due to this transition, food habits of people are getting affected. In India during recent years there is an increasing trend in the sale and consumption of foods on the roadside. Though Street food vending is found around the world, but it has variations within both regions and cultures. Nowadays street food is becoming very popular and is in demand because it saves one’s time and energy as it is ready to eat, street foods reflect the traditional local culture and is one of the best ways to experience the real cuisine of any community. The Street vended foods include foods without any preparation, ready to eat food and foods cooked on the site. A part from this street food is appreciated for the taste, flavour they offer at low, affordable price to the general population. (Bhowmick, 2005) Street vended foods include foods as diverse as meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, grains, cereals, frozen produce and beverages. Street foods may be sold in places or found in clusters around public places, such as the market or fair, place of work, schools colleges, railway stations, hospital and bus terminals and may be vended from roadside makeshift stalls, carts or small establishments by hawkers or vendors . According to food and agricultural Organisation (F A O), 2.5 million people eat street food daily. The national policy for urban street vendors/hawkers of India notes that street vendors, roughly estimated to be 10 million, constitute approximately 2% of the metro populations. FAO defines street vended foods as â€Å"Ready – to – eat foods and beverages prepared and/ or sold by vendors and hawkers especially in street and other similar public place (FAO 1988). According to National policy on urban street vendors, street vendor is broadly defined as a person who offers goods for sale to the public without having a permanent built up structure but with a temporary static structure or mobile stall (or head load). Street vendors may be stationary by occupying space on the pavements or other public /private areas or may be mobile in the sense that move from place to place carrying their wares on push carts or in cycles or baskets on their heads ,or may sell their wares in moving trains, bus etc. (National policy on urban street vendors,2004). The rising popularity of street food vending, besides its social support system for the under privileged urban population is it’s easily accessibility; variety in taste, low cost fresh and often nutritious attributes. People spend almost 50% of their income on food; among low income groups this figure may go up to 70% (Bhandari). A study conducted in India in the city of Varanasi, observed that about 42% of working men and women in the age groups of 25-45 and 61% of the students in the age group of 14 -21 consumed food from the street vendors rather carrying foods from home to the workplace . About 82% of people of all age groups prefer to go to street vendors against 18% only who prefer to go to the restaurants in the evening (Mishra2007) FAO and WHO recognising this spiralling Asian trend, has promoted documents on â€Å" Food safety requirements for street vended foods† and also on â€Å" Training aspects â€Å" of safe food for small operator and inspectors. Presently countries like Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia have put together a structured national program to promote food safety in street vended food. IMPORTANCE of street foods The concept of traditional street food has acquired new dimensions in developed countries with food streets/ food centres emerging as new tourist attractions. Though street food culture pervades almost all countries of developed regions, the Asian street food is considered as the best in the world. The Time magazine survey of 2004 and the CNN report of March 2012 find Asia’s 10 greatest street food cities and tell us how the street food make those cities economically bustling and socially charming. Malaysia’s Penang, Taiwan’s Taipei, Thailand’s Bangkok, Japan’sFuloka, Vietnam’s Hanoi, Korea’s Seoul, Singapore, China’s Xian, Philippines’s Manila and Cambodia’s Phnom Penh find their places in this list of 10 top Asian street food cities. Street foods play a very important role in providing inexpensive and nutritious foods, particularly for millions in the middle and lower income groups. The FAO and the WHO have carried out several studies on street foods in different countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Besides their convenience and employment potential, the greatest factor in their favour is the fact that they can provide per capita calorie and protein requirements within a cost of around $1(wilnaro). It also plays an important social- economic role in terms of employment potential and in serving the food and nutritional requirements of consumers at the affordable prices. It requires a low capital investment, offers a chance for self employment and provides business opportunities for developing entrepreneurs. It also contributes to local and national economic growth by supporting local agricultural producers and food processors. Thus the socioeconomic significance of street foods is immense. Street foods are an attractive experience of varied foods for tourists. In developing countries, making and vending street food provides a regular source of income for vast number of men and particularly women, who lack education or skills. Also the street food vendors are valuable, because it is a large significant area supporting the livelihood of millions of the urban poor. Nothing represents the rich tapestry of India’s multi cultural fabric better than street food. The cuisine of a place speaks volume about the weather; cultural life style and habit of the people. The convenience and low price make street food the most favoured choice. Many itinerant workers who do not have proper housing and cooking facilities have no option but to depend upon street foods. Risk factors involved Food borne illness associated with the consumption of street vended foods has been reported in several places in India. Multiple lines of evidence reveal that foods exposed for sale on the roadsides may become contaminated either by spoilage or pathogenic microorganisms (Bryans et.al 1992:A shenafi;1995;WHO,1984) Food can easily be adulterated to defraud the consumer and deprive him of his money’s worth. According to WHO (1989), Food handling personnel play an important role in ensuring food safety throughout the chain of food production and storage. Mishandling and disregard of hygiene measures on the part of the food vendors may enable pathogenic bacteria to come into contact with food and in some cases survive and multiply in sufficient numbers to cause illness in the consumer.Tamberker et.al,reported that poor hygiene of vendors resulted in higher contamination(66.6%), reducing to (33.4%) where hygiene was fare. This higher contamination can be due to dirty clothing, unhyg ienic handling and serving practices, contaminated hands and lack of knowledge of hygienic practices. Many foods are highly perishable. They are easily contaminated when produced in an unhealthy and unclean environment. Microbiological contamination and spoilage of food needs to be prevented through good handling practice (Ham bridge). More often than not, the microbiological quality of street foods, especially that of prepared dishes and drinks is below standard, indicating inappropriate sanitary and hygienic practices during preparation and handling. Most of the foods are not well protected from flies, which carry food borne pathogens. Food borne pathogens are recognized as a major health hazard associated with street foods. Salmonella species is a post modern pathogen, which belongs to important food contaminating bacteria, causing a high number of human infections worldwide. Consumption of raw or inadequately processed animal foods can have a significant public health risk as such foods are frequently contaminated with pathogens and occasionally with toxic chemicals. Similarly vegetables, fruits and grains may carry hazardous contaminants. Further, unsanitary environmental conditions like proximity of the establishment to sewers or garbage dumps, pollution from traffic add to the public health risks associated with street foods. Additional hazards may also be in the form of use of improper food additives (often unauthorized colouring), myotoxins, heavy metals and other contaminants (such as pesticide residues) in street foods. Infrastructure developments are relatively limited with restricted access to potable water, toilets, refrigeration and washing and waste disposal facilities. Food Safety Practices—effects on public health With the increasing pace of globalisation and tourism, the safety of street food has become one of the major concerns of public health. There is difficulty in controlling the large numbers of street food vending operations because of their diversity, mobility and temporary nature. Food safety issues have been the most wanted intervention in the field of nutrition all over the world. Safety of the street food is an important aspect in the field of nutrition security. Ensuring food quality and food safety is equally significant for the welfare of an individual, a community and a nation. Since this is an unorganised sector, there is felt need of generating government’s initiation for its development. There is also a need of generating food and personal hygiene and ensuring an effective system of regular health examination of vendors and regular sample collection of food they are serving to the customers. In spite of numerous advantages offered by street foods, there are also seve ral health hazards associated with this sector of the economy. Many human illnesses are food related, because of lack of basic infrastructure and services, such as nutritional status and economic well-being are affected by food carrying pathogenic organisms and their toxins and by poisonous chemicals. Appropriate location and condition of vending stalls, observation of personal hygiene by vendors, employing washed and clean utensils, using potable water and proper drainage and waste disposal are some steps to be taken which can lead to hygiene and safe food. In India, traditional methods of processing and packaging, improper holding temperature, poor personal hygiene of food handlers are still observed during food marketing and sales. Consumption of raw inadequately processed animal foods can have a significant public health risk as such foods are frequently contaminated with pathogens and occasionally with toxic chemicals. Similarly vegetables fruits and grains may carry hazardous contaminants. There are also problems with the use of unauthorized food colours and some other additives, as well as chemical contamination from the environment. Various studies have been also done to observe the personal hygiene, health and food handling practices like (vendors not wearing clean clothes, are dirty, chewing tobacco during food handling and do not wipe hands after every service of food.). Bhasker et.al (2004) reported that defective personal hygiene can facilitate the transmission of pathogenic bacteria found in environment and on people’s hands via food to humans. Handling with bare may result in cross contaminants, hence introduction of microbes on safe food (FAO’1997). Paulson D.S (1994) also reported that outbreaks are generally caused by foods due to poor personal hygiene of the vendors, during preparation or storage of food. Unhygienic surrounding like sewerage, improper waste disposal system and inadequate water supply attract flies and houseflies which further increase food contamination as reported by Chumber et.al, 2007. To instil professional face to street food operators, the street food safety manage ment needs a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) and the prerequisite system as good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and good hygiene practices.(GHPs). Following Table reports current hazards and critical control points observed at the main steps along the street food production chain. Table—Hazards and critical control points identified at different steps of street food production chain Source:Chirag Gadi Microbial hazards and their solution, critical points, practical control processing measures and monitoring procedures as well as principles of food microbiology and food safety need to be incorporated for the safe street food preparation. Standards or Criteria to maintain while handling the food. The standards of street food safety can be upgraded by the vendors through implementation of some basic good practices with respect to hygiene and food handling. Standards for food handler requirements such as hand-washing, working attire, personal hygiene and personal behaviour should be maintained. Standards for food-vending equipment; which must be food grade ,easy to clean and sanitize, standards for food serving such as safe food cover and packaging, regular hygiene and sanitation inspection and monitoring of good food handling practices should always be maintained. Kinton and Ceserani(1996) recommended that food stuffs of all kinds should be kept covered as much as possible to prevent contamination from dust and flies. The food safety and standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has started engaging with the national association of street vendors of India in systematizing and professionalising street foods across cities in the wider interests of ensuring public health and protecting livelihood of street food vendors. Also FSSAI is in the process of developing guidelines and regulations to ensure food safety and safe street foods for state governments to implement. The Food safety and standards Authority of India has prepared a checklist, guidelines and prerequisite for registration of medium to small food –vending establishment to ensure food safety and upgrading of existing conditions of eating establishments. Several agencies at the level of the state governments, the department of public health, commerce, consumer affairs and food processing, the local municipalities and the police administration have identified roles and responsibilities in these guidelines and regulations that are expected to be executed to ensure safe street foods. Microbial hazards and their solution, critical points, practical control processing measures and monitoring procedures as well as principles of food processing microbiology and food safety need to be incorporated for the safe street food preparation. Appropriate location and conditions of vending stalls, observation of personal hygiene by vendors, employing washed and clean utensils, using potable water and proper drainage and waste disposal are some steps to be taken which can lead to hygiene and safe food. Policy issues for provision of safe food Adapting the five keys to safer food to address the street food sector (WHO,2011). WHO has developed few measures for street food vendors based on the principles of five keys to safe food. These can be incorporated and taught in Indian scenario. These are: Key 1: keep clean Key 2: raw and cooked food should be kept separated. Key 3: destroy hazards when possible. Key 4: keep microorganisms in food from growing. Key 5: use safe water and raw material. The Ministry of Food processing industries has proposed schemes for â€Å"’Safe Food Towns’’ and safe food streets’’. These schemes aim to upgrade the quality of street food by promoting Indian cuisines at affordable rates in locations of tourist importance through upgrading and creation of common Conclusion Keeping in view the scale of operation of such enterprises, it is quite a challenge to bring about improvements in the street food scenario. Policing action has to be coupled with training. Local bodies have also to provide facilities for safe water supply, garbage disposal etc. The HACCP approach can be applied to keep down hazards to consumers.(Raj.k.Malik)

Slaughterhouse Five :: essays research papers

Slaughter house 5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We had been foolish virgins in the war right at the end of childhood† Slaughterhouse Five-Kurt Vonnegut â€Å"The children’s crusade started in 1213 when two monks got the idea of raising armies of children in France and Germany, and selling them in North Africa as slaves. Thirty thousand children volunteered thinking they were going to Palestine. (p.16) The Children’s Crusade and the World Wars are similar because of the drafting of the innocent to do the duties of a nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The children who volunteered were the â€Å"idle and deserted children who generally swarm in great cities, nurtured on vice and daring,† they thought they were going to Palestine but really they were being sold as slaves. Children are naive and very gullible, trusting in the words of the adults around them. They also believe that they have a grasp on their lives and control of the obstacles in life one discovers through experience when, in reality they have exactly the opposite. The young who fought in Dresden went off to war without knowing what to expect, much like the Children’s Crusade volunteers. Good fortune might have been one of the promises sworn in boot camp but what they received was the complete scythe of silence. Left behind, untagged and forgotten on the battleground, their bodies disintegrated into the earth leaving the young’s’ potentials undone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Billy Pilgrim went to war â€Å"He didn’t look like a soldier at all, he looked like a filthy flamingo.† Not ready to go out the door like a child, Billy is unprepared to go to war. No helmet, no protective armor, weapon or proper footwear he is as ready as a child who has not woken yet. Billy is clearly a child in many ways: he is naà ¯ve, gullible, ignorant, and lacks historical judgment and experience. â€Å"The third bullet was for the filthy flamingo, who stopped dead center in the road when the lethal bee buzzed past his ear. Billy stood there politely, giving the marksman another chance.† This clearly illustrated the child-like person Billy is. Instead of duck and cover, Billy stands there as if he were playing a board game he didn’t want to play and in protest did not move his player. He doesn’t truly grasp the distraught situation he is in and he most certainly doesn’t comprehend it. By not looking out for his own interest he becomes an infantile creature depending on the civil duties of others.

Buying a House Is Better Than Renting

Buying a house is a better option than renting an apartment. † In this essay I will discuss about the major benefits of buying a house rather than renting an apartments. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage. Buying a house may be difficult and it can be a confusing process, even for veteran buyers. Here are some tasks that housing experts say before getting into the buying a house. Get financials in order. Buyers should check their credit score, taxes, 401(k) s and other aspects of their financial situation to determine the maximum amount they are comfortable affording for their monthly mortgage, utilities, maintenance, taxes and insurance. If one’s credit score is low, he or she may need to get it higher before applying for a mortgage. A bad credit score may not just affect the buyers’ rates, but may prevent them from getting a mortgage. Buyers should also get pre-approved by a broker or lender — that means they get an agreement by a bank to lend the buyer up to a specific amount for a home, and the bank tells sellers that financing is already lined up. When a buyer finds the right house, he or she make an offer and apply for a mortgage. While every local market is different, most economists say buyers are generally in the driver's seat today this mean, buyers can ask to lower the price of prospected home. Fifty-three percent of homeowners believe a seller's market is still two or more years away, according to a survey of 2,003 adults between March 30 and April 2 by American Express. This market is very local. Homes in Chicago are getting multiple offers and going for more than 10% over the asking price, for example, while those in Fort Lauderdale are selling for 20% less than list price, according to Zip Realty. When a buyer his ready to purchase a house, they should have enough cash for a down payment, which can be a minimum of 10%, and extra funds for closing costs, including appraisal costs and move-in deposit. Buyers need to make sure that if they are buying a used house, they need to check any additions or construction to an existing home have been properly filed with the city and approved for better appraisal or buyer can purchase a new house if they would want to. When he or she owns and lives in a house, there are many benefits that come with owning and living in the house. The following are the benefits of living in a house. One major benefit of living in a house is safety and privacy. In apartments there are limited. Living in a house, He or she does not have too many neighbors around him or her compares to living in apartments where neighbors is literally next door and with in your arms reach. When he or she lives in a house, they are always on the ground floor, where in apartments tenants can have no choice but to climb those stairs and maybe all the way to the last floor. When he or she lives in a house, they definitely have no problem where to park their vehicle; they can have their own garage and a driveway, which is more comfortable and much safer than apartment’s parking lot. Apartments have a higher crime rate compare to any types of housing, According to the National Crime Prevention Council, the organization best known for McGruff the Crime Dog, apartments are eighty-five percent more likely to be victimized by burglaries compare to Even though one may feel safe living in a house or apartment, they still need to practice vigilance and prevention to avoid becoming a victim of property theft or other crimes. Buying a house can be great long term investment. As old and basic as it is, the number one rule in real estate still hasn't changed: location is everything. The area in which the house is located– its surroundings and distance from an urban center – has a profound impact on the long-term value of one’s home. Real estate experts have long cautioned against owning the most lavish house in the neighborhood or making extravagant home improvements that far outdo everything else around. The fact is that, generally speaking, pricey homes don not appreciate as much as more modest structures do. It is typically better to buy the least expensive house in an upscale neighborhood and make improvements. In such a case, your home will appreciate more in value. Although the average change in house prices are related to changes in fundamentals or perhaps market-wide bubbles, not all houses in a market appreciate at the same rate. Apartments only increase in rent as the years go by. Renters will never own a piece of the apartment or cash out any money they put in, unlike in paying the â€Å"mortgage. † If the owner continues paying the mortgage, in 15, 20 or 30 years (depending on the length of the loan) the house is theirs. Homeowner can deduct on their federal and state income taxes the amount of mortgage interest and real estate taxes they pay each year. For example, by itemizing deductions on the tax return, a married couple filing jointly can deduct $21,000 from his taxable income. A renting married couple may not have a lot of deductions, so they might choose the standard deduction, which is $10,300. Home receives an additional $10,700 in tax deduction than the renting couple. Assuming both couples each earn $100,000 per year. The renting couple would have to pay income tax on $89,700. The owning couple would pay tax on $79,000 difference of $10,000 owners can put in their pocket. Everyone wants to cut back on what they pay in taxes and home ownership not only decreases taxes, but builds equity. Equity is the difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it. Having equity, homeowner may borrow money using equity as collateral. This is another benefit of buying a house instead of renting an apartment. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage.

101 Intro to Research and Report Purpose Professor Ramos Blog

101 Intro to Research and Report Purpose Diversity Michael Che Black Lives Matter Diversity Diversity: the condition of having or being composed of differing elements; especially the inclusion of different types of people (such as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization. Types of diversity, include, but are not limited to: race gender ethnicity sexual orientation politics age socioeconomic status religion disability class Which one of these applies to your report? Remember, you report has to focus around diversity and issues or problems. Quick Write How would you feel if someone used your ideas or work without giving you credit? Intro to Research Scholarly research is research that is published by people with specialized knowledge on what they are researching. It is peer reviewed, reviewed by other researchers and specialist in the field, and is generally trustworthy. Blogs, Newspapers, Magazines are not Scholarly but are popular sources. ProCon.org  No subscription needed. Good place to look at the main issues around a topic. Occupational Outlook Handbook  The OOH can help you find career information on duties, education and training, pay, and outlook for hundreds of occupations. Google Scholar  Google academic database search. Great place to start. Specific Research Questions The topic or issue will help narrow down what you can research for your report. A specific research question will help focus your research to a specific area. A broad question like â€Å"What is global warming?† is way to big to write about and try to research in our time allotted. Plus, that one has already been answered. A better, more narrow question on this topic would be, â€Å"How does global warming affect the California shorelines?† This research question narrows down a broad topic and connects it to you. If you are a Business major, you might want to ask, â€Å"What are carbon credits, and how might they affect the California economy?† This question connects your interest or topic to your major. Report Purpose and Topic Answer questions. Review what is already known about a subject. Report new knowledge. Free Write What topic are you considering? From the three choices above, which one do you think best serves your topic? Write everything you know about the topic. Write for 5 minutes without stopping. Write sentences, bullet points, words, examples, etc.; anything that comes to mind regarding your topic. Free Write Take the topic you are thinking about researching for your report and write it at the top of a page. For the next five minutes I want you two write down everything you know about it. Do not edit as you write. Just keep writing and see where it takes you. Just keep writing. If you thought runs out, skip a line and start a new thought. Keep writing. What do you know about your topic? What questions do you have about your topic? What do you need to research about your topic? Civil Rights Movement Non Violent sit ins led to the Civil Rights Movement We have come a long way. Annotated Bibliography Chapter 11 in our textbook explains the purpose of an annotated bib. An annotated bib is a works cited or references page with additional information added to each citation. You begin with the correct reference citation for your sources. For this assignment we will have at least five sources. Here is a good explanation of  citations in MLA. Here is the format: Author(s). â€Å"Article Title.†Ã‚  Source, vol. #, no. #, season year, pp. xx-xx.  Database,  URL. Example: Kong, Les. â€Å"Business Sources for Education Majors.†Ã‚  Education Graduate Students Journal, vol. 75, no. 4, 2014, pp. 12-19.  JSTOR,  jstor.org/stable/52506788. To each entry you will add the annotation, the paragraph or two that explains the source, why you are using it, and its reliability. Each professor you will have in the future may have specific guidelines for what to include in an annotated bibliographic entry. Always follow their instructions. For this assignment, you should include: Summary of Source, 2-4 sentences How you are using it in your report, 1-3 sentences Reliability of source, 1-3 sentences In total, you should have a short paragraph, 4-10 sentences, explaining the three points above.

Victim in Late Elementary and Early Secondary Education Essays

Early Risk Factors for Being a Bully, Victim, or Bully/Victim in Late Elementary and Early Secondary Education Essays Early Risk Factors for Being a Bully, Victim, or Bully/Victim in Late Elementary and Early Secondary Education Essay Early Risk Factors for Being a Bully, Victim, or Bully/Victim in Late Elementary and Early Secondary Education Essay Essay Topic: Elementary 26 Nov. 2012 Early risk factors for being a bully, victim, or bully/victim in late elementary and early secondary education. The longitudinal TRAIL study By Danielle EMC Jansen, Rene Veenstra, Johan Ormel, Frank C Verhulst and Sijmen A Reijeveld This research discusses the influence of early risk factors on later involvement in bullying. In the beginning of the article, the authors mentioned that while bullying is a serious problem in school all over the world, the most researches on bullying focus on characteristics of children at the moment they already are involved in bullying. Thus there are limited data regarding the impact of early risk factors in bullying. They examined the influence of preschool behaviors, family characteristics, and parental mental health on bullying and victimization. Their examination includes obtaining data of family characteristics, parental mental health and retrospectively on children’s preschool behavior with survey method. Then, they measured the schoolmate’s reports for involvement of adolescents in bullying or victimization at age 11 and 13. 5. As the research conclusion, variety of aspects such as behavior in preschool, emotional problem, motor problem, socio-economic status, and family breakup, are linked to the involvement in bullying at a later age. The authors emphasize that focusing on risk groups in early age enhances prevention of bullying and its consequences. In this article, the authors are indicating the problem that bullying is a significant issue all over the world, and that there are only limited evidence that associate features of children background before they were involved in bullying. As a solution to this problem, the authors wanted to seek the risk factors; especially before children begin social relationship. They designed their research to examine the impact of the children’s background during the preschool age on bullying at the early teen age. The study subjects’ family characteristics include parental mental health, and preschool behavioral, emotional problem and motor problem. I believe this research design is appropriate for the solution of the problem. The ethods of sampling they use were survey and peer nomination from schoolmates; survey is to measure children’s background in preschool hood, peer nomination is to measure involvements in bullying as being bully, bully/victim, or victim. I assume that the sampling methods are appropriate because there are limited contaminations such as experimenter’s bias or base rate problems. The possible confounding variables are gender, diagnoses of development disorders, stress level, and history of heredity mental disease through family. When measuring the behavior, the gender is always the possible confounding variable. Boys and Girls have different preferences of toys, ways of playing, and tension level. The diagnoses of development disorders such as ADD or ADHD are major confounding variables for the measuring children’s behavior as well. The main limitation of the data collection was that they used retrospective reports of preschool behavior. As a result, parental report may have been affected by inaccuracies in their memory. Other than that, I could say that the data gathering method is reliable and also valuable because the results were based on facts. As a result of their research, preschool children with aggressiveness were more likely to be a bully, bully/victim, and victim. Preschool children with good motor skill were more likely to be bully and less likely to be victim. Children from low socioeconomic status families were more likely to be bully, bully/victim, and victim. Children from intact two parent families were more likely to be uninvolved in bullying. After considering the entire research outcomes, the authors concluded that certain aspects from children in preschool are related to involvement in bullying at a later age. Thus I could say that the evidence substantiated this conclusion. Focusing on risk at an early age can enhance the prevention of bullying. The research results are very interesting and informative. It helped me as a parent, to realize the importance of preschool social and environmental factors of bullying at later ages. I chose this article for the discussion on this short paper because I am interested in parenting techniques. The way to raise children without involvement of bullying, neither being a bully nor a victim. I do not want my children to get involved with any fears or sadness in school caused by bullying. I believe many often parents feel the same way. I have never experienced any aspect of bullying during my early school age. However I have heard of many stories about bullying in our school and resulted in psychological trauma or injury. I believe that being strong physically and emotionally are very important to escape from bullies. Joining sports clubs is one of the great ways to become stronger physically and emotionally. My four year old son, has recently has joined a flag football team. Being a member of this team will help him obtain the physical ability and emotional development. After he learned how to efficiently run faster and move quickly, he achieved well during the games. When he did well during games, he was encouraged by positive feedbacks from adults. The positive feedback from adults is powerful tools that will help him build up confidence. Another great aspect of being a part of sports team is the opportunity to gain social skill such as fairness, care, respect, and responsibility. Being a fair and trustworthy player is very important for sportsmanship. Coaches and older players are always encouraging children to be fair and trustworthy. Practicing with the same teammates two to three times a week helps children to build a powerful trust and make great relationship with their teammates. Children can learn many lessons from small societies like a sports team to prepare for their real life. Another thing that I learned from this research article is the importance of family environment. I realize that children are very sensitive to their family characteristics and affected easily from negative family factors such as fighting among parents and family break ups. I remembered the time when I was a child, I hated when my mother and father were arguing in front of me. I was sad and unhappy hearing their fighting voices. Thus I can easily imagine how sad to be in the middle of parental conflict in their childhood. To provide the environment without anxiety from parental conflicts, mental issues or family break up is very important for make a strong and mentally stable person.

ARTICLE REVIEW Feminism and the role of gender politics in Literature

ARTICLE Feminism and the role of gender politics in International relations - Literature review Example Issues between feminist and experts in international relations cannot be reconciled; the reasons could be that feminists and scholars of international relations are working on different realities and knowledge perspectives. Tickner states that silence occurs between feminists and IR women scholars because of their drawing on different realities and using dissimilar epistemologies. Some IR scholars refer to gender as â€Å"a category of analysis†. Gender differences must be appropriately understood with more constructive dialogues on both sides. In bridging the gap between feminist and IR scholars, Tickner focused on feminist answers to questions and ideas from ordinary IR scholars. Identified were three types of misunderstandings on the debate between feminists and IR scholars: 1) the misunderstandings about what gender means in personal conversations and actions; 2) the various realities or nature of things as expressed by feminists and non-feminists when they talk about inte rnational politics, considering that feminists also do not talk about the same subject matter of IR; and 3) the epistemological gap about the question that feminists do not deal with theory. Claims of gender neutrality in language are filled with masculinist assumptions. Feminists provide the meaning of gender with socially and culturally constructed words like â€Å"power, autonomy, rationality, and public,† words which belong to the masculine world. These words have opposites (weakness, dependence, emotion, and private) which refer to the feminine gender. Masculine characteristics are designated with positive values, and both masculinity and femininity are interrelated: to be called â€Å"a man† one must not exhibit â€Å"womanly† weaknesses. Martin Wight (1995 as cited in Tickner 1997) lamented the lack of international theories about Western philosophies because the international system was characterized with less intellectual and moral aspects. Wightâ€℠¢s thoughts had some significance in that feminists had problems with theories when referring to the international subject. Realist and feminist theories could not reconcile. IR scholars comforted with the Kantian tradition that promoted a healthy debate on social relations and not on anarchy. Linklater (1982 as cited in Tickner, 1997, p. 5) supported the concept that citizens should cooperate with other states to develop â€Å"free lives.† IR scholars posit that Kant’s philosophy on women depends on time which can easily be countered in a gender-sensitive world. Feminists believe that the Western philosophy is embedded with masculine traditions that cannot be depended upon in creating a gender-sensitive IR. Tickner concluded that feminists and IR scholars have never reached a point of agreement; instead, their conversations have always been misunderstandings about ideas and theories on feminism and international relations. Some of the reasons for their misunderstandin gs are the use of ontologies and epistemologies, but also on power differences. IR scholars do not know full well feminist approaches. Both sides have to settle their differences by means of constant dialoguing and understanding of the problems. However, feminists and constructivists can share the same ontology, although there are some differences. IR feminists see that gender and power should go together in the

Specifics of the Banking System of Spain Article

Specifics of the Banking System of Spain - Article Example At the beginning of 1990th as a result of a series of merges and absorption two leading savings banks accumulating over 90 % of personal savings of the Spanish citizens have been created. Bank system of Spain is one of the most stable and liquid financial systems in Europe. Its distinctive features are a significant level of foreign currency (13,9 billion euro), the branched out the network of branches of private banks and the state savings banks. The dominating role is played by the banks with 100 % of the Spanish capital. The leader at cost of market actives is the financial group "Banco Santander Central Hispano" formed at the beginning of 1999 as a result of a merger of two largest banks of the country. Now the strongest bank group is Banco de Bilbao Vizcaya (BBV). However recently it had strong contender Central Hispano, the group formed as a result of merges of two banks - Banco Central and Banco Hispano Americano. Despite a plenty of local savings banks (cajas de ahorros), they make operations very slowly. In general, the bank system of Spain is strongly bureaucratized and not especially cares for the convenience of clients (Altman).   Some banks and other financial institutions of Spain: Banco de Espana - the Central bank of Spain; Banco Sabadell - the bank specializing on granting of services to private clients, and also small and average business. Has more than 400 branches in Spain and abroad; Bilbao Bizkaia Kutxa (BBK) - the largest savings bank in Basque Provinces and the fourth on size in Spain; Banco Santander - the bank which is carrying out the financial operations in Spain and in 31 countries abroad, including the USA; Kutxa - savings bank; Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona - the financial group including savings bank and some of the other financial institutions; Caja San Fernando - the savings bank having operations in Western Andalusia; Caixa Catalunya – the Catalan savings bank; BBVA – the financial group; Open Bank - the open bank; Ibercaja - the Spanish savings bank.

Individual Operations Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Operations Management Report - Essay Example After conducting an analysis using Statistical process control tools, the company found that there processes are out of control and they are not meeting the quality standards. Table of Contents Introduction & Problem Description: 3 Methodology: 3 Results: 4 Types of Data: 4 3 Sigma control for the processes: 4 Discussion and recommendations: 7 Conclusion: 8 Bibliography: 9 Appendix: 10 Introduction & Problem Description: RTP Industries is one of the most renowned manufacturers of steel and aluminum products. The company holds its footstep in the major countries of the world and operates globally. Due to stiff competition in the recent years from Chinese and Indian manufacturers, the company has lost a significant portion of its market share. To reestablish itself, the company is emphasizing on research and development program in order to innovate new products. Quality has remained the top priority since then as the company expects that through quality assurance and control it can aga in boost its sales. Total Quality management has been at the heart of company’s vision and it has been introducing tools and techniques to maintain the quality of its products. One of the tools it has recently deployed is Statistical Process Control for measuring the performance of the manufacturing process and to let identify it there are any weaknesses in the process. Recently, the company has received a lot of complaints regarding the hydraulic products. It was believed that the discrepancies in the size and surface quality of the steel rods are causing leakages in hydraulic products. Methodology: In order to meet the required standards and improve its quality, the quality manager has planned to run a Statistical Process Control Analysis. A Statistical process control involves a random sampling of the output of the process which determines whether the process is meeting the quality standards or not. For the above purpose, the quality manager has randomly collected data on samples of three steel rods daily. The quality manager collected two types of data The diameter of the selected steel rods was measured and recorded in centimeters over a 25 day period. The number of surface errors in the selected steel rods was calculated and recorded over a 25 day period. Results: Types of Data: There are two different types of data given to us in this scenario. The first data is concerned with the diameters of the selected steel rods. As we know that diameter is a continuous variables and it can take any value therefore we will use an x chart as a Statistical process control chart to monitor the process. The second set of data contains information about the number of surface errors in the selected steel rods. The second type of data has used sampling through attributes measure for the collection purpose. Since it contains information about whether there are surface errors in the steel rod therefore it is measuring the attributes of the steel rods. We will use a c chart as a Statistical Process Control tool for monitoring this process since there are more than one surface errors in some steel rods so we will count number of errors per steel rod. 3 Sigma control for the processes: Size of diameters of rods: For the first sample of data regarding the diameter of the

Classical to the Post-Modern Eras Essay Example for Free

Classical to the Post-Modern Eras Essay In this essay, I’m going to trace the development of Classical Music from the late 1750s to the Post-Modern era in the 2000s and provide a brief history of music, and how they link together to form what we have today. There are many preconceptions of what the history of music is. Some people think it is mainly a biography of composer’s lives, but they are wrong. The history of music is primarily the history of musical style. In order to appreciate this, it is essential to become acquainted with the different sounds and to hear them in their contexts. Fashions in history change with the generations, like fashions in musical tastes. Lets first start with the classical music, Classical is an era; it is from about 1730 to just after 1800. A few people who contributed to the music in the Classical era are: Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The Classical period focused on the opposite types of sounds- music during that period was orderly, uncluttered, well planned and precise. Music was expected to be technically pleasing and grounded in certain traditions and styles that had been approved by the public, often quite formal. Composers were seen as workers who were hired to write music that would please their employer (Sagebiel). The classical period of music combined harmony, melody, rhythm, and orchestration more effectively than earlier periods of music. The classical period is best known for the symphony, a form of a large orchestral ensemble. The symphonic pieces generally had three movements, the sonata, the minuet and the finale. Building of the achievements of earlier composers, Haydn, and Mozart brought the symphony to its peak in the last twenty years of the 18th century. Haydn excelled in rhythmic drive and development of theme-based music (Bishop 325). Mozart also added to the symphony by contrasting memorable lyric themes in full sounding orchestral settings. There are many styles of music within classical music, including symphony, opera, choral works, chamber music, Gregorian chant, the madrigal, and the Mass. A Classical composition will fluctuate in mood. Not only there are contrasting themes within a movement, but there also may be striking contrasts even within (Vardy). In Classical music, there is a flexibility of rhythm. A classical composition has a wealth of rhythmic patterns. Classical music is basically homophonic. However, texture is treated as flexibly as rhythm. Classical melodies are among the most tuneful and easy to remember. The Classical composers interest in expressing shades of emotion led to the widespread use of gradual dynamic change crescendo (gradually getting louder) and diminuendo ( gradually getting softer). By varying the finger pressure on the keys, a pianist can play more loudly or softly. Classical works show a great deal of musical sophistication and use development, key changes, variation, musical phrases of varying lengths, counterpoint, polyphony and advanced harmony development. It uses very specific instruments, most markedly those invented before mid-10th century and adopted in the 18th and 19th centuries, such as instruments like violin, cello, viola, woodwind instruments, brass instruments and other instruments in the orchestra and solo instruments such as piano, harpsichord, organ and guitar. The classical period had a musical style that was consistent, which means that if you were a composer in this time period; you knew what was expected of you. Haydn had a huge influence on the development if Classical music and so did Beethoven but he chose to focus on a more romantic style which had a simple chord structure. This brings us to the Romantic era; The Romantic music period began in 1825 and ran until 1900. Several historical themes were at work during this period, including the increasing role of science as a worldview, the rise of nationalism in Europe, and a growing appreciation for the arts. The style of the Romantic music period is generally characterized by a wider range of dynamics, a greater variety of instruments, more dramatic melodies, more extreme tempos, fuller harmonies, and expanded formal structures within the compositions. Some of the most famous composers of all time lived and worked during the Romantic music era. Schubert, Chopin, Wagner, Brahms, and Mahler are among the most recognizable names. The transition from nineteenth-century Romanticism to twentieth-century Modernism is perhaps one of the big points in music history. Because the speed of twentieth-century innovation in all areas has been so accelerated, music has also moved from one new idea to another with such speed that no previous era can be compared to. Technology and scientific discovery are probably the basic influences on musical creativity and production. Dissonance became very important and in fact most of the pieces are made up of dissonant chords (Palisca). During the Modern era, many new musical techniques emerged. They were seen in melody , harmony , rhythm, meter, texture, tonality, and sonority . It is important to note that during the twentieth century not all changes in music were a revolution or a return to old ideals. Contrapuntal textures in music dominate the Modern era. While, homophonic textures are present, it is to a lesser degree and with less importance. During the 20th century, tone color has become a more important element of music then it was ever before. It has a major role which is creating variety, continuity and mood. Consonance is no longer in use in the 20th century. 20th century music sound fantasy like, distant and mystifying. Chords are never as fundamental as it is in previous centuries. Poly chords are created by placing one traditional chord over another. The rhythmic vocabulary of the 20th century was expanded with increased emphasis on irregularity and unpredictability. The Melody was very elusive.

EEG-Based Processing Approach for Pain Detection

EEG-Based Processing Approach for Pain Detection Abstract-To detect the pain based on EEG signals variability, several efforts has been made but no promising result has been achieved yet. In this study, we propose different features to classify pan. EEG signals of 28 healthy volunteers were recorded continuously while they experience pain through the known ice-water paradigm. To access the de-correlated EEG sources, Independent Component Analysis(ICA) scheme was used. Among them, the artifact and noise sources were removed and therefore pain dependent sources were determined and projected back. Before the classification, some features were extracted from the EEG signal. To select the best features, sequential forward selection (SFS) was applied which also eliminates the redundancy. The classification results provide 89% , 90% and 94% accuracy when one nearest neighbor (1NN), 3NN and support vector machine (SVM) were used, respectively. Keywords: EEG sources, pain dependent features, entropy, feature selection. Introduction Backonja et al. [1] proposed an ice-water bath as a gradual painful stimulus, termed as the cold presser test (CPT). in this study, CPT is applied as the pain inducing paradigm. Some studies, inveatigated the changes during pain. The result of some previous studies[2-5] was reported as an increase in the Delta and Beta bands and a decrease in the Alpha band during pain. In another study, a tonic pain stimulus [6] increased the power of Delta, Beta-III and Gamma bands and decreased the Theta, Alpha-I and Alpha-II band powers. Intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline increases the Beta power[7]. In another research, inducing Capsaicin caused no significant change in the EEG bands. Another study implied changes of Alpha band activities interact in pain-perception process [8]. In another research, two levels of pain were classified by NaÃÆ' ¯ve Bayes classifier which produces 86.3 ±8.4% classification accuracy [21]. In a different approach, fMRI images of the participants brain were observed while they were experiencing pain by heat induction which resulted in 94% accuracy [9]. The most repeated findings of these studies is a general increase in the power of Beta band simultaneous to a decrease in the Alpha band with a possible coherence increases across different bands, as the brain response to pain. In Section 2, the data recording and the preprocessing are explained; In Section 3, the methods are described in detail; in Section 4, the results are presented. Section 5 concludes the results. Data Recording and Preprocessing 2.1. Data Recording For recording EEG signals, 30 electrodes were used by Scanlt EEG recording system. A cap based on 10-20 electrode placement system was used for recording. The impedance of all electrodes was less than 5 kilo ohms. The sampling rate was adjusted at 250 hertz and a bandpass filter with cut-off frequencies adjusted in 0.5 and 47 hertz was implemented to the signal. In previous studies, laser, cuff pressure, hot/ice water, Electrocutaneous stimulation [10]-[13], have been used to induce pain. In this study, the ice-water (also called CPT) was selected to have minimum side-effect. The recording procedure took place in a quiet room. First, to achieve a baseline recording for each volunteer, a 30 second EEG signal were recorded in the resting position, which is called no-pain class. Then, by putting their hand in the cold water (1.7 ±0.2centigrad) after a while, they reported the pain. The recording continues till the tolerating time for each subject. With respect to the fact of artifacts presence in the EEG signals and to record the noises with higher quality, some electrodes on the face muscles were put to detect EMG artifacts. Also, EOG is one of the other artifact sources in EEG. 2.2. EEG Artifacts Eliminating Principal component analysis (PCA) and regression methods[14] are the methods used for eliminating the EEG artifacts such as muscle artifacts and eye artifacts. Also ICA has been introduced more effective for decomposing the recorded signals into uncorrelated sources [14] which is applied here to remove the EEG artifacts. 2.2.1. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) The components x i {displaystyle x_{i}} of the observed random vector x = ( x 1 , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ , x m ) T {displaystyle x=(x_{1},ldots ,x_{m})^{T}} are generated as a sum of the independent components s k {displaystyle s_{k}} x i = a i , 1 s 1 + à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¯ + a i , k s k + à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¯ + a i , n s n {displaystyle x_{i}=a_{i,1}s_{1}+cdots +a_{i,k}s_{k}+cdots +a_{i,n}s_{n}} weighted by the mixing weights a i , k {displaystyle a_{i,k}} [15]: X= AS (1) Where S is sources vector, X is the recorded signals (EEGs) matrix. To calculate its inverse or pseudo-inverse, termed as W, the equation(3) is used: S =WX, where W=A-1 (2) 2.2.2. EOG Artifact To remove the most important EEG artifacts, which are EOG and EMG artifacts, the similar process was done. As the Fp1 channel is the most contained EEG channel, the correlation of this channel with all determined sources, was calculated Eq.4 is the correlation formula. If the value exceeded 0.7, the corresponding source was selected as the suspicious EOG source[16]. (3) Where Ri is the correlation of the ith source with the recorded signal at Fp1. Fig.1 shows the spectral map of the determined EOG source which is mostly on foreahed space. Shanon Entropy (4) Fractal Dimension L(k)= (5) Fig. 1. Spectral map of EOG component 2.2.3. EMG Artifacts To remove the EMG artifacts, the correlation of all sources with the frontalis and temporalis channels were computed and the ones which were more than 0.7 were considered as the probable EMG sources. Commonly, EMG sources have higher power at high frequencies. Therefore, to precisely detect EMG sources, in addition to the correlation criterion, their brain map were investigated[17]. The scalp map and power spectrum of one of the detected EMG artifacts is shown in Fig. 2. (b) Fig. 2. An EMG source (a)Scalp map,(b) Activity Power Spectral Methods This study is started from the data acquisition part in which 28 healthy subjects participated. We record their EEG signals through the resting condition (without imposing any pain stimulus) and pain condition. Due to the presence of artifact and noise in the recorded signals, we apply independent component analysis (ICA) to EEG in order to remove the effect of electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG) and movement artifacts. Non-artifact sources were projected back to electrode space and various features were extracted from them. To remove the redundancy and increasing the discriminability, an approach for selecting discriminative ones, Sequential Forward Selection(SFS) was applied. The candidate classifiers were support vector machine (SVM) and one nearest neighbor (1NN). 3.1. Features The features used in this research are as follows; band power of the pain sources in five bands (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma), fractal dimension, Shannon entropy, approximate entropy and spectral entropy. As a brief description to the features, Five frequency bands including Delta (0-4 Hz), Theta (4-8 Hz), Alpha (8-13 Hz), Beta (13-30 Hz), and Gamma (>30Hz) were elicited for each time frame, from each channel. [17]. Shannon entropy [18] measures the amount of irregularity in a distribution. Fractal dimensionmeasures the irregularity or roughness of a signal in a time frame[19]. The table below, demonstrates the brief procedure of calculating the features. Where P()are the probabilities occurred in the ith bin. is thethe average length, L(k) is the average length. 3.2. Feature selection The high number of features extracted in this study, from 30 channels within each time frame caused a high amount of redundancy. Search strategies need an objective function to select the suitable subset of features. This objective function is usually a statistical/ information/distance based criterion or the classifiers feedback, which are called filter and wrapper, respectively. Filter methods are fast and does not bias to the classifier type, while wrapper methods usually provide better results at high computational complexity cost. 3.2.1. Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) Sequential forward selection mechanism starts with empty set of features and repeatedly adds the most significant features to reach the criterion[20]. Here the criterion is selected as the classification accuracy with the objective of SFS selects the most discriminative algorithm. 3.3. Classifiers Two well-known classifiers, 1-NN and SVM, were used in this study. 1-NN is a local and nonlinear classifier, which is proper for classifying multimodal distributed samples[41]. From another angle, SVM with a suitable kernel is capable of classifying samples of two classes with overlap, which provides a great generalization property[21]. 3.4. Classification Investigating brain map through CPT gives us valuable information about the classification possibility. Two frequency ranges, centered at 2Hz (Delta) and 9.8Hz (Alpha), are observed as the most pain dependent features [3]-[5],[8],[22],[23]. The average brain map over all the subjects, in the Delta (Fig. 3) and Alpha (Fig. 4) bands, are exhibited in pain and no pain class. a b Fig. 3. The average brain map of subjects at 2Hz (Delta band): a) Non-pain, b) pain a b Fig. 4. The average brain map of subjects at 9.8Hz (Alpha band): a) Non-pain, b)pain Fig. 3 illustrates an increase in the power of Delta band by feeling the pain, which changes the activity focus region from top to the right hemisphere. These findings were previously reported [3]-[5], [23]. In contrast, by feeling more pain, the power of Alpha band is decreased in the frontal lobe and increased in occipital lobes, as shown in Fig. 4, which is as the results obtained in former studies [3]-[5], [8], [22]-[23]. It is noted that the base of the classifier was just built up according to the detected differences on the spatial distribution of these two band power features. To use the other EEG features and find a discriminate subset of features, SFS was run. Therefore, by adding the other features, which were selected by SFS, it was expected to achieve a higher classification accuracy. Results EEG signals from 30 electrodes were recorded and then EOG and EMG artifacts were removed by the ICA method, described in Section 2. Through the preprocessing, EMG or EOG sources and the sources caused by the bad connection of an electrode on the scalp, was projected outward of the brain. The base of the classifier was just established upon the significant changes in the spatial distribution of band power features through feeling pain (Fig. 4). since reality is that applying just the selected band power features does not provide convincing results, the structure while considering the other features was proposed. The results of pain classification by the proposed structure and those band power features, which were selected through visual inspection, is shown in Table I. For now and on, all of the presented classification results in this paper is achieved by ten-times ten-folds cross validation was executed for the cross validation phase. The classification accuracies are illustrated in Table IV, once SVM was considered for all nodes and the other time 1-NN classifier was assigned. Table I. The pain classification results of only the selected band power features Classification 1-NN 3-NN SVM Pain Versus Non-pain 68 66 54 Table II shows the classification accuracies achieved by applying svm to the features that is introduced as the discriminative ones in previous studies [6]-[8], [10], [23]-[24]. Table II. The comparative results of pain and non-pain classification by applying the previous suggested features[6]-[8], [10], [23]-[24]. Suggested Band Power Features in the Previous Studies Classification Accuracy (%) Alpha band 65 Beta and Alpha bands 61 Delta and Alpha and Beta bands 68 Theta and Alpha bands 57 Delta and Beta bands 61 Alpha and Gamma bands 62 Delta, Beta and Alpha Gamma bands 59 These numerous features, in each time frame, were concatenated into successive feature vectors and therefore the classifiers were encountered with high-dimensional vectors. To remove the redundancy and customize an optimized subset of features , SFS was adopted, to select the pain dependent features and therefore improve the final results. Nevertheless, while using wrapper method, the selected feature set depends on the classifier, the selected subsets of features are not necessary equal for SVM and 1-NN. SFS was run for each classifier separately. Also, since the test and train sets are changed through different folds, the selected features in different validation folds are not identical. As all of the reports which use wrapper approach, to demonstrate the list of selected features, the common features through folds were reported. The selected features by SFS at each node are listed in Table III. and for deploying SVM at all nodes presented and the 1NN features are listed in Table IV. Table III. The selected features by SFS for SVM and 1-NN Classifier List of the selected features SVM Alpha, Delta, Beta and Gamma bands, Shannon entropy, and fractal dimension K-NN Alpha, Delta, Beta bands and Shannon entropy The achieved classification results by applying the EEG features, customized using SFS, are illustrated in Table VI. Table VI. Classification accuracy of the pain Accuracy (%) Classifier Stage 94 SVM Pain vs. Non-Pain 89 1-NN 90 3-NN As it is stated the list of selected features depends on the type of classifier. Discussion EEG signals is the only non-invasive physiological-base measuring data that quantitatively records the brain activity. Also, the research in pain measurement is still in the beginning compared to other applications such as speech processing. As it is mentioned, among the artifact removal schemes such as regression with PCA, adaptive filter and match filter, the best known method is still ICA. It provides this opportunity to eliminate different noise and artifact roots in the ICA space, where all of the sources were statistically independent. Some constraints were considered to assure us that the suspicious noisy sources were correctly selected. In other words, the variation of spatial distribution of the Delta and Alpha bands are visualized by brain map images through the time and this variation was translated into a succesfull classification. We tried to select informative features to reveal the pain changes as highlight as possible. In this regard, instead of eliciting features from the correlated EEG signals on the scalp electrodes, variety of the known features were extracted from the pain dependent EEG source signals. Moreover, instead of ad-hoc methods, a heuristic search strategy, called as SFS, was employed to automatically select the suitable features. The high classification result demnstarates the propriety of the whole process. References [1] C.S. Cleeland, Y. Nakamura, E.W. Howland, N. R. Morgan, B. A. Edwards, M. Backonja, Effects of oral morphine on cold pressor tolerance time and neuropsychological performance, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 15, pp. 252-262, 1996. [2] A.C.N. Chen, P. Rappelsberger, Brain and Human Pain: Topographic EEG Amplitude and Coherence Mapping, Brain Topography, vol. 7, pp.196-205, 1994. [3] A.C.N. Chen, P. Rappelsberger, O. Filz, Topology of EEG Coherence Changes May Reflect Differential Neural Network Activation in Cold and Pain Perception, Brain Topography, vol. 11 , pp. 125-132 , 1998. [4] S. Ferracuti, S. Seri , D. Mattia , G. Cruccu, Quantitative EEG modifications during the cold water pressor test: hemispheric and hand differences, Int. Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 17, pp.261-268, 1992. [5] A.C.N. Chen, S.F. Dworkin, J. Haug, J. Gehrig, Topographic brain measures of human pain and pain responsivity, Pain, vol. 37 , pp.129-140, 1989. [6] P. Veerasarn, C.S.Stohler, The effect of experimental muscle pain on the background electrical brain activity, Pain, vol. 49 , pp.349-360, 1992. [7] P.-F Chang, L. Arendt-Nielsen, T. Graven-Nielsen, P. Svensson, A.C.N. Chen, Topographic effects of tonic cutaneious nociceptive stimulation on human electroencephalograph, Neuroscience Letters, vol. 35 , pp. 49-52, 2001. [8] W. Penga, C. Babiloni, Y. Maod, Y. Hua, Subjective pain perception mediated by alpha rhythms, Biological Psychology , vol. 109 ,pp. 141-150, 2015. [9] T. Wager, L. Atlas, M. Lindquist, M. Roy, C. Woo, E. Kross. An fMRI-Based Neurologic Signatureof Physical Pain, The new england journal of medicine, vol. 368, pp. 1388-1397, 2013. [10] E. Schulz , A. Zherdin , L. Tiemann, C. Plant , M. Ploner , Decoding an individuals sensitivity to pain from the multivariate analysis of EEG data, Cereb Cortex, vol. 22, pp. 18-23, 2012. [11] P, Ravn , R. Frederiksen , A. Skovsen , LL. Christrup , Mu. Werner , Prediction of pain sensitivity in healthy volunteers, Journal of Pain Research, vol. 5, pp. 326-313, Aug. 2012. [12] S. Walter, S. Gruss, K. Limbrecht-Ecklundt, H. C. Traue, P. Werner, A. Al-Hamadi, N. Diniz, G. Moreira da Silva, A. O. Andrade Automatic pain quantification using autonomic parameters, Psychology Neuroscience, vol. 7 , pp.363-380, Nov. 2014. 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Renewable Energy Essay -- Energy, Fossil Fuel, Oil, Natural Gas

The most of global energy production produces from fossil fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas. The vast fossil fuels generate energy which use for many purposes for instant residential, transportation and industrial sectors. While the rate consumption of fossil fuel higher than their formation leads to oil price crisis. Another concern of fossil fuel combustion is the impact on the environment. Global warming is a significant problem which results in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. These problems drive researchers and societies to search alternative energy such as switching to renewable energy or carbon-free energy to replace fossil fuels. For example Nakata et al., (2011:465) show ‘low-carbon society’ that is designed to use less fossil fuel. According to Verbruggen et al., (2010:852) define renewable energy ‘is obtained from the continuing or repetitive currents of energy occurring in the natural environment’ such as wind and biomass. Many countries accept carbon-free energy as alternative energy, and are trying to develop and apply new technologies that will enable them to use renewable energy sources in the most efficient way. However switching to carbon-free energy argued that is an unrealistic way. This essay aims to assess the differences in opinion between supports and argues of renewable energy that switching to carbon-free energy is unrealistic. Firstly consider about employing renewable energy. Secondly evaluate the sustainable development of biofuel and wind energies. Finally conclude arguments on potential renewable energy to replace fossil fuels. Owing to the increase in the global population accompanied by an increase in energy demand as a result oil price crisis. Many governments... ...f renewable energy or carbon-free debate and argument. This essay has attempted to evaluate the potential renewable energy both in terms of sustainable development and reducible global warming. Renewable energy such as biofuel and wind energy can be seen as a safe, reliable and cost effective alternative to using fossil fuels for energy security. However the development of green energy has drawbacks so funds for research and develop for chance from lab-scale products into commercial products should be provided and these fuels will become increasingly expensive to use. Clearly more could be done to produce carbon-free energy and more efficient and reduced environmental impacts. Also awareness of the advantages of renewable energy has been steadily growing and it is expected that the share of renewable energy in the total generation capacity will increase in future.